Costos de las diversas modalidades posoperatorias de la colecistectomía laparoscópica. Cooperativa Médica de Florida (COMEF), 2016-2021 / Cost effectivenes of the different postoperative management modalities in laparoscopic cholecystectomy Florida Medical Cooperative (COMEF) 2016-2021 / Custos das várias modalidades pós-operatórias do colecistectomia laparoscópica. Cooperativa Médica da Flórida (COMEF). 2016-2021

Introducción: la colecistectomía laparoscópica constituye el patrón oro en el tratamiento de la litiasis biliar. Bajo una estricta selección de pacientes, la modalidad ambulatoria ha demostrado ser factible y segura. En COMEF se realiza desde el año 2016. El posoperatorio transcurrió por diferentes etapas, internación en cuidados moderados, internación en sala de cirugía del día más internación domiciliaria, internación únicamente en sala de cirugía del día y finalmente alta domiciliaria desde block quirúrgico. El objetivo del trabajo es calcular los costos de cada una de las modalidades posoperatorias de la colecistectomía laparoscópica en el período 2016-2021. Materiales y método: se realizó un estudio de costos de cada una de las modalidades posoperatorias mediante la determinación del costo del día cama ocupada en cuidados moderados e internación domiciliaria, así como la retribución de un auxiliar de enfermería encargado de la sala de cirugía del día. Los datos fueron obtenidos de la Estructura de Costos de Atención a la Salud y la producción de cada servicio. Resultados: el costo del día cama ocupada en cuidados moderados es de $15.056, el de internación en sala de cirugía del día y luego internación domiciliaria $4.953,69, únicamente en sala de cirugía del día $807,69 y finalmente el alta domiciliaria desde block quirúrgico $33. Conclusiones: los costos del posoperatorio de la colecistectomía laparoscópica en modalidad ambulatoria son menores que los que requieren internación en cuidados moderados, y dichos costos se reducen progresivamente cuando se pasa de la internación domiciliaria al alta sin internación domiciliaria y sin recuperación en sala de cirugía del día.

Introduction: laparoscopic cholecystectomy constitutes the gold standard to treat gallstones. Ambulatory treatment has proved to be feasible and safe for carefully selected patients. At COMEF, laparoscopic cholecystectomies have been performed since 2016, and postoperative management has covered different stages: intermediate care during hospitalization, admission in day surgery units plus home care or home admissions, hospitalization in day surgery units and discharge directly after surgery, directly from the ER. The study aims to calculate the cost of each one of the different postoperative management modalities for laparoscopic cholecystectomies between 2016 and 2021. Method: a cost study was conducted for each one of the postoperative management modalities by calculating the cost of the hospital bed day in intermediate care and house care, as well as the salary of the nurses' staff at the day surgery unit. Data was obtained from the Healthcare Services Cost Structure and the production of each one of the services mentioned. Results: the daily bed day cost in intermediate care is $ 15,056, the daily cost of day surgery unit plus home care afterwards is $ 4,953.69, the cost of surgery admission in the day surgery unit is $ 807.69 and discharge directly from the OR is $ 33. Conclusions: the postoperative cost of ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy is lower than that requiring interaction in intermediate care and these costs are progressively reduced when moving from home care with and without interaction upon discharge towards no recovery in the day surgery unit.

Introdução: a colecistectomia laparoscópica é o padrão ouro no tratamento da litíase biliar. Com uma rigorosa seleção de pacientes, a modalidade ambulatorial tem se mostrado viável e segura. Na COMEF é realizada desde 2016, com o pós-operatório passando por diferentes etapas: internação em cuidados moderados, internação na sala de cirurgia do dia mais internação domiciliar, internação apenas na sala de cirurgia no dia e finalmente alta domiciliar do bloco cirúrgico. Objetivo: calcular os custos de cada uma das modalidades pós-operatórias de colecistectomia laparoscópica no período 2016-2021. Materiais e método: foi realizado um estudo dos custos de cada uma das modalidades pós-operatórias determinando o custo do dia de leito ocupado em cuidados moderados e internação atendimento domiciliar, bem como a remuneração de um auxiliar de enfermagem responsável pela cirurgia do dia. Os dados foram obtidos da Estrutura de Custos de Assistência à Saúde e da produção de cada serviço. Resultados: o custo do leito de dia ocupado em cuidados moderados, em é de $ 15.056, a hospitalização na sala de cirurgia de dia e depois internação domiciliar $ 4.953,69, apenas na sala da cirurgia de dia $ 807,69 e finalmente alta domiciliar do bloco cirúrgico $ 33 (valores em pesos uruguaios). Conclusões: os custos pós-operatórios da colecistectomia laparoscópica na modalidade ambulatorial são menores do que aqueles que requerem interação em cuidados moderados e são progressivamente reduzidos quando passa da internação em casa à alta sem interação em casa e sem recuperação na sala de cirurgia no dia.

Mortalidad operatoria en cirugía mayor. Análisis retrospectivo en un Servicio de Cirugía / Operative mortality in major surgery. Retrospective analysis in a Surgery Service

RESUMEN Introducción: la propia asistencia médica provoca, en determinadas situaciones, problemas de salud que pueden llegar a ser importantes para el enfermo. El análisis de la mortalidad es uno de los parámetros utilizados para investigar la seguridad en la realización de procederes de cirugía mayor. Objetivo: determinar los factores asociados a la mortalidad operatoria en cirugías mayores. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo, de los pacientes que fallecieron tras la realización de una cirugía mayor, en el Hospital Militar Docente Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy, de Matanzas, en el período comprendido de enero de 2011 a diciembre de 2019. Resultados: la tercera edad aportó 77,3 % de los fallecidos. La hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus y cardiopatía isquémica fueron las principales comorbilidades. El abdomen agudo fue el diagnóstico operatorio más frecuente con 98 (58,3 %). Las complicaciones aportaron el 11,9 % de los fallecidos; los eventos adversos, 29,7 %, y por el curso natural de la enfermedad, murió un 58,3 %. El síndrome de disfunción múltiple de órganos y el shock séptico resultaron las principales causas de muerte (62 %). Conclusiones: la mortalidad operatoria estuvo asociada a factores de riesgo como edad avanzada, enfermedades crónicas y cirugía de urgencia. Los eventos adversos elevan la incidencia de mortalidad en cirugía mayor. Las infecciones son la principal causa de mortalidad operatoria (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: medical care itself causes, in certain situations, health problems that could be very important for the patient. The mortality analysis is one of the parameters used to study safety performing procedures of major surgery. Objective: to determine the factors associated to operatory mortality in major surgeries. Materials and methods: a retrospective, descriptive and observational study was carried out of the patients who passed away after undergoing a major surgery in the Military Hospital Dr. Mario Munoz Monroy in the period between January 2011 and December 2019. Results: 77.3 % of the deceased were elder people. The main co-morbidities were arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease. The most frequent surgery diagnosis was acute abdomen with 98 patients (58.3 %). Complications yielded 11.9 % of the deceases, adverse events 29.7 % and 58.3 % died due to the natural course of the disease. The organs multiple dysfunction syndrome and septic shock were the main causes of dead (62 %). Conclusions: operatory mortality was associated to risk factors like advanced age, chronic diseases and emergency surgery. The adverse events increase mortality incidence in major surgery. Infections are the main causes of operatory mortality (AU).

Surgical site infection in adults undergoing major non-cardiac surgery and its association with anemia, El severe bleeding and intraoperative transfusion: A preliminary report from a prospective registry / Infección de sitio operatorio en adultos llevados a cirugía mayor no cardiaca y su relación con anemia, sangrado mayor y transfusión intraoperatoria: Informe preliminar de un registro prospectivo

Abstract Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) is among the most common healthcare-related infections. Given their greater morbidity and surgical complexity, patients undergoing major surgery are exposed to a high risk of SSI. Objective: To determine the incidence of SSI in adult patients undergoing major elective non-cardiac surgery, and to identify risk factors associated with its occurrence within the first 30 days after surgery. Methods: An analytical study was designed on the basis of a prospective institutional registry. Clinical and laboratory variables associated with perioperative management were recorded. An active search was conducted in order to find SSI episodes, renal failure and multiple organ dysfunction during the first 30 days after surgery. Adjusted logistic regression was done to identify potential associations between risk factors and the development of SSI. Results: Overall, 1501 patients were included. The incidence of SSI during the first 30 days after surgery was 6.72% (95% CI 5.57-8.11). ASA III, abdominal surgery and longer procedures were more frequent in the SSI group. Association with the occurrence of SSI was documented for preoperative hemoglobin levels (adjusted OR 0.79 [95% CI 0.72-0.88], p = 0.04), intraoperative transfusion (adjusted OR 2,47 [95% CI 1.16-5.27], p = 0.02) and major blood loss (adjusted OR 3.80 [95% CI 1.63-8.88], p = 0.04). Conclusion: Preoperative hemoglobin level, intraoperative transfusion and major bleeding are independent risk factors associated with the occurrence of SSI in adult patients undergoing major elective non-cardiac surgery.

Resumen Introducción: La infección del sitio operatorio (ISO) ocupa los primeros lugares entre las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud. Con una mayor morbilidad y complejidad quirúrgica, los pacientes de cirugía mayor están expuestos a un alto riesgo de ISO. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de ISO en pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía mayor electiva no cardiaca e identificar factores de riesgo relacionados con su aparición durante los primeros 30 días postoperatorios. Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio analítico a partir de un registro institucional prospectivo. Se registraron variables clínicas y de laboratorio relacionadas con el manejo perioperatorio. Se realizó una búsqueda activa de episodios de ISO, sepsis, falla renal y disfunción multiorgánica durante los primeros 30 días postoperatorios. Las potenciales asociaciones entre factores de riesgo y el desarrollo de ISO fueron identificadas mediante regresión logística ajustada. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1.501 pacientes. La incidencia de ISO durante los 30 días postoperatorios fue de 6,72 % [IC 95 % 5,57-8,11). El estado ASA III, la cirugía abdominal y los procedimientos de duración prolongada fueron más frecuentes en el grupo ISO. Se documentó asociación con la ocurrencia de ISO para los niveles de hemoglobina preoperatoria (OR ajustado 0,79 [IC 95 % 0,72-0,88], p = 0,04), transfusión intraoperatoria (OR ajustado 2,47 [IC 95 % 1,16-5,27], p = 0,02) y sangrado mayor intraoperatorio (OR ajustado 3,80 [IC 95 % 1,63-8,88], p = 0,04). Conclusiones: El nivel de hemoglobina preoperatoria, la transfusión intraoperatoria y el sangrado mayor son factores de riesgo asociados de forma independiente a la ocurrencia de ISO en pacientes adultos llevados a cirugía mayor electiva no cardiaca.

Cirugía mayor ambulatoria ginecológica en el Hospital San José de Parral / Major outpatient gynecological surgery at the San Jose de Parral Hospital

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate initial results of a ambulatory major surgery program in Gynecology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive study of the period March 2018 to June 2019. The interventions included were: surgical sterilizations via vaginal, minilap and laparoscopic, diagnostic laparoscopy, laparoscopic cyst or anexectomy, hysteroscopy, TOT, vaginal plasty, biopsy curettage, polypectomy, extraction of IUD under anesthesia, labiaplasty, and removal of transobsturatrix tape. Quality indicators such as suspension, readmissions and systemic and surgical complications have been analyzed. RESULTS: 136 patients were operated by CMA of which 43 were laparoscopic (31.6%), 55 patients vaginally (40.4%), 34 histeroscopy (25%) and 4 patients by minilap (3%)There were 4 minor and late complications (2.9%) that corresponded to operative wound infection in vaginal plasty and nymphoplasty, a dysfunctional TOT tape that had to be removed in a mediated manner and a PIP post surgical sterilization via vaginal route. CONCLUSIONS: Gynecological ambulatory major surgery is feasible to perform in a hospital of medium complexity with a low percentage of minor complications in this study.

Role of Gene Polymorphism in TNF Alpha Expression and Outcome in Surgical Patients

Introduction:An acute phase response to tissue injury leads to release of pro inflammatory and anti inflammatory cytokines. TNF alpha isan early pro inflammatory cytokine that released in SIRS and largely responsible for clinical manifestation of sepsis. The release of TNF alpha is influenced by messenger RNA transcription of TNF alpha gene. In patients with severe sepsis genomic polymorphism with in the TNF locus found to be associated with TNF alpha production and outcome.Objectives:To evaluate genetic polymorphism of TNF alpha gene at c 850 t locus, influence on TNF alpha expression and on outcome. Materials and Methods:A prospective cohort study conducted at our institute between June 2007 to 2009 in 100 cases. Serum TNF alpha levels measured by using ELISA .TNF alpha polymorphism done at c850t locus in 100 patients and were compared with 70 controls who were normal subjects. By using MEDCALC software mean and standard deviations were calculated, continuous variables were compared using t-test. ROC curves were used to determine the predictive capability of the variables.Results:The most common polymorphism observed was CT in 51 patients. The significant different TNF alpha level expression between the three groups were observed. Significant Tallele was observed in cases (100) when compared with controls (70), p= 0.0002. Conclusion: Genetic polymorphism of TNF alpha gene may play critical role in stress response and outcome of the patient but it needs to be validated in large number of population

Complicaciones posoperatorias en cirugía mayor torácica y abdominal: definiciones, epidemiología y gravedad / Postoperative complications in thoracic and abdominal surgery: definitions, epidemiology and severity

Las complicaciones posoperatorias en pacientes sometidos a cirugía mayor torácica o abdominal son eventos frecuentes, asociados a una mala evolución. El objetivo de este trabajo es precisar las definiciones, características epidemiológicas y clasificaciones de severidad de las complicaciones posoperatorias en la cirugía mayor torácica y abdominal. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre las complicaciones posoperatorias en la cirugía mayor torácica y abdominal. Se presentan las definiciones atendiendo a las complicaciones posoperatorias. Se discuten los reportes referentes a la incidencia y mortalidad de las complicaciones más importantes. Por último, se abordan las principales herramientas de clasificación de severidad de las complicaciones posoperatorias. Las complicaciones posoperatorias son eventos frecuentes que incrementan las complicaciones y mortalidad. Deben aplicarse instrumentos de estratificación de riesgo, monitorizar estrechamente su aparición y gravedad, así como actuar rápida y oportunamente para su solución((AU)

Postoperative complications in patients undergoing thoracic or abdominal major surgery are frequent events associated with a poor evolution. The aim of this paper is to clarify the definitions, epidemiological characteristics and classifications postoperative complications severity in most thoracic and abdominal surgery. A literature review on postoperative complications in most thoracic and abdominal surgery was carried out. Definitions are stated regarding postoperative complications. Reports are discussed concerning the incidence and mortality of the most important complications. Finally, the main tools for postoperative complications severity classification are discussed. Postoperative complications are frequent events that increase complications and mortality. Risk stratification tools should be applied, their appearance and severity should be closely monitored, as well as to act quickly and timely for a solution(AU)

Cirugía mayor ambulatoria en pacientes operados de urgencia / Outpatient major surgery in patients operated through an emergency

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, prospectiva y longitudinal de los 1 067 pacientes con afecciones agudas intraabdominales, operados de urgencia por cirugía mayor ambulatoria en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente "Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2007 hasta mayo de 2010, con vistas a caracterizarles según algunas variables de interés. En la casuística predominaron el grupo etario de 31-45 años (47,7 %), el sexo masculino (50,8 %), la apendicitis aguda como diagnóstico preoperatorio (52,9 %), que además presentó complicaciones en 78,1 % del total, la operación por mínimo acceso (57,2 %), con solo 15,6 % de pacientes complicados, y la anestesia general orotraqueal (97,6 %). De acuerdo con la clasificación de la Sociedad Americana de Anestesiología, 83,8 % de los afectados perteneció al grupo I, mientras que al analizar las enfermedades asociadas, 42,8 % padecía hipertensión arterial. La modalidad quirúrgica empleada permitió incorporar nuevos diagnósticos preoperatorios, basados en adecuados criterios de selección del paciente; también se logró la satisfacción general de los operados, por lo que se recomendó extenderla a otros centros hospitalarios.

A descriptive, prospective and longitudinal investigation of the 1 067 patients with acute intraabdominal disorders, operated through an outpatient major emergent surgery in "Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany" Teaching Clinical-Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January, 2007 to May, 2010, with the aim of characterizing them according to some variables of interest. The age group 31-45 year old (47.7%), the male sex (50.8%), acute appendicitis as preoperative diagnosis (52.9%), which besides presented complications in 78.1% of the total, the minimal access surgery (57.2%), with only 15.6% of complicated patients, and the general orotracheal anesthesia (97.6%) prevailed in the case material. According to the classification of the American Society of Anesthesiology, 83.8% of the patients affected belonged to group I, while when analyzing the associated diseases, 42.8% suffered from hypertension. The used surgical modality allowed to incorporate new preoperative diagnoses, based on appropriate selection criteria of the patient; the general satisfaction of those patients operated was also achieved, so that it was recommended to extend it to other hospitals.

Resultados en cirugía mayor ambulatoria en otorrinolaringología realizada en un hospital de baja complejidad / Results in major ambulatory surgery in otorhinolaryngology performed in a hospital of low complexity

Introducción: La cirugía mayor ambulatoria confiere al sistema sanitario un modelo de gestión eficiente y de alta calidad. Objetivo: Conocer los resultados de la cirugía mayor ambulatoria en otorrinolaringología (ORL) en un hospital de baja complejidad. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo realizado en el Hospital Santo Tomás de Limache entre los años 2004 y 2009. La inclusión de pacientes sometidos a cirugía otorrinolaringológica bajo la modalidad de cirugía mayor ambulatoria. Se realizó análisis descriptivo en base a promedios, desviación estándary proporciones. En análisis bivariado, se emplearon las pruebas de chi cuadrado y t-student. Resultados: Se incorporó 815 pacientes. El 58% fue de sexo masculino, con edad promedio de 8,4 ±6,2 años. La adenoamigdalectomía sola o asociada a otras cirugías se efectuó en 54,2(0)% de los casos. La tasa de complicaciones posoperatorias fue de 1,22 %, la mitad de ella, la hemorragia. No hubo mortalidad. No se encontró asociación estadística entre la presencia de complicaciones y alguna variable en particular. Conclusiones: En pacientes de otorrinolaringología seleccionados, la cirugía mayor ambulatoria efectuada en un hospital de baja complejidad tiene buenos resultados, con una baja tasa de complicaciones.

Background: Major ambulatroy surgery provide to public health and efficient and high quality model. Aim: To know teh results in patient underwent Otorrinolaringologic surgery in a low complexity hospital. Material and method: Date from 815 who underwent Otorrinolaringologic surgery carried on a major ambulatory surgery basis in Hospital Santo Tomás de Limache, between 2004 and 2009 where retrospectively reviewed. Analysed date included sex, age, type of conducted surgery, type of complications and the period of time in which patients were discharged. Averages, standard deviation and proportions were used. In bivariate analysis, chi square and t-student were used. Results: 58% of enrolled patients were males with age average of 8.4 ±6.2 years. Adenotonsillectomy single or associated to other surgeries took place in 54,2% of the cases. The rate ofpostoperation side effects was 1.22%%, And half of these patient presented postoperatory bleeding. There was no mortality. There was not statistical association between the presence of complications and some variable in particular. Conclusions: Major ambulatory surgery In selected patients who need otorrinolaringologic surgery in a low complexity hospital is safe whith low rate of complication.

Patient perception about preoperative information to allay anxiety towards major surgery

Abstract: Surgeries are seen as stressors that trigger preoperative anxiety. Preparing the patients for surgery through preoperative teaching becomes crucial to allay anxiety level. In a cross sectional descriptive study conducted on eighty patients (age: 18–65 yr) who had undergone open abdominal surgery, 78.8% (n=63) stated that they experienced anxiety prior to surgery. Among these anxious respondents, 47.5% (n=38) experienced high state anxiety. Three of the top information that patients perceived as important to allay anxiety towards major surgery were: details of surgery, details of nursing care to surgery and information on anaesthesia. Nurses working in the surgical wards need to proactively address patients’ psychological concerns towards surgery and provide preoperative information based on patients’ needs to allay anxiety.

Resultados en cirugía mayor ambulatoria en otorrinolaringología realizada en un hospital de baja complejidad / Results in major ambulatory surgery in otorhinolaryngology performed in ahospital of low complexity

Introducción: La cirugía mayor ambulatoria confiere al sistema sanitario un modelo de gestión eficiente y de alta calidad. Objetivo: Conocer los resultados de la cirugía mayor ambulatoria en otorrinolaringología (ORL) en un hospital de baja complejidad. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo realizado en el Hospital Santo Tomás de Limache entre los años 2004 y 2009. La inclusión de pacientes sometidos a cirugía otorrinolaringológica bajo la modalidad de cirugía mayor ambulatoria. Se realizó análisis descriptivo en base a promedios, desviación estándar y proporciones. En análisis bivariado, se emplearon las pruebas de chi cuadrado y t-student. Resultados: Se incorporó 815 pacientes. El 58% fue de sexo masculino, con edad promedio de 8,4±6,2 años. La adenoamigdalectomía sola o asociada a otras cirugías se efectuó en 54,2%% de los casos. La tasa de complicaciones posoperatorias fue de 1,22%%, la mitad de ella, la hemorragia. No hubo mortalidad. No se encontró asociación estadística entre la presencia de complicaciones y alguna variable en particular. Conclusiones: En pacientes de otorrinolaringología seleccionados, la cirugía mayor ambulatoria efectuada en un hospital de baja complejidad tiene buenos resultados, con una baja tasa de complicaciones.

Introduction: Major ambulatory surgery provide to public health and efficient and high quality model. Aim: To know the results in patient underwent Otorrinolaringologic surgery in a low complexity hospital. Material and methods: Retrospective descritive study. Date from 815 who underwent Otorrinolaringologic surgery carried on a major ambulatory surgery basis in Hospital Santo Tomás de Limache, between 2004 and 2009 where retrospectively reviewed. Analysed date included sex, age, type of conducted surgery, type of complications and the period of time in which patients were discharged. Averages, standard deviation and proportions were used. In bivariate analysis, chi square and t-student were used. Results: 58% of enrolled patients were males with age average of 8.4±6.2 years. Adenotonsillectomy single or associated to other surgeries took place in 54.2% of the cases. The rate of postoperation side effects was 1.22%, And half of these patient presented postoperatory bleeding. There was no mortality. There was not statistical association between the presence of complications and some variable in particular. Conclusions: Major ambulatory surgery In selected patients who need otorrinolaringologic surgery in a low complexity hospital is safe with low rate of complication.

Cirugía mayor ambulatoria en pacientes con apendicitis aguda / Ambulatory major surgery in patients with acute appendicitis

Se hizo un estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo de los 285 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de apendicitis aguda, predominantemente del sexo masculino, atendidos en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Provincial Dr Joaquín Castillo Duany de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero del 2003 hasta diciembre del 2008, a fin de precisar la efectividad de la cirugía mayor ambulatoria en ellos. La afección primó en el grupo etáreo de 15-30 años y se aplicaron las técnicas quirúrgicas convencional o laparoscópica, con el uso de anestesia general orotraqueal en todos los integrantes de la casuística. El diagnóstico preoperatorio se realizó precozmente en 80,7 por ciento de la serie (antes de las 6 horas), con primacía de la apendicitis catarral como forma anatomopatológica. No hubo complicaciones graves, por lo cual la recuperación de los operados fue buena antes de las 24 horas de haber sido intervenidos. Dicha modalidad terapéutica resultó ventajosa para los pacientes y la institución

A descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study of 285 patients with clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis, predominantly of the male sex, assisted in the Service of General Surgery of Dr Joaquín Castillo Duany Provincial Hospital from Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January, 2003 to December, 2008, in order to specify the effectiveness of the ambulatory major surgery in them. The affection prevailed in the 15-30 age group and the conventional or laparoscopic surgical techniques were applied, with the use of general orotracheal anesthesia in all the patients of the case material. The preoperative diagnosis was early carried out in 80,7 per cent of the series (before the 6 hours), with predominance of the catarrhal appendicitis as pathological form . There were not serious complications, reason why the recovery of those operated was good before the 24 hours of their surgical treatment. This therapeutic modality was advantageous for the patients and for the institution

Profilaxis antimicrobiana en cirugía mayor electiva otorrinolaringológica / Antimicrobial prophylaxis related to otorhinolaryngology elective major surgery

La profilaxis antimicrobiana disminuye las infecciones quirúrgicas, pero su empleo indiscriminado favorece el incremento de las tasas de infección, pues la resistencia bacteriana es mucho más probable en presencia de antibióticos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los resultados de la antibioticoprofilaxis en la cirugía mayor electiva otorrinolaringológica. Se realizó una investigación retrospectiva-descriptiva del uso profiláctico de antibióticos en cirugía mayor electiva en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Comandante Manuel Fajardo, durante 6 años (2001-2006). El universo estuvo constituido por 661 pacientes y se estudiaron variables como sexo, edad y criterios de respuesta terapéutica (satisfactorio e insatisfactorio). Según la envergadura de la intervención, se administró antibioticoprofilaxis oral o parenteral y se realizó cultivo del sitio de la herida quirúrgica. Predominó el sexo masculino (54,1 por ciento) y el grupo etario de 31 a 62 años. Requirió profilaxis antibiótica el 41,90 por ciento de los pacientes operados. Ocurrió un 7,9 por ciento de infecciones de la herida quirúrgica. Los microorganismos más frecuentemente aislados fueron Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter y Escherichia coli. En las cirugías oncológicas de cabeza y cuello, el promedio de infecciones fue elevado (42,3 por ciento). La evolución tórpida se debió a la concurrencia de factores de riesgo de infección. No se reportaron eventos adversos ni complicaciones graves. En otorrinolaringología, la profilaxis antimicrobiana funciona contra una amplia gama de microorganismos, pero no ocurre así en las cirugías oncológicas

Antimicrobial prophylaxis decreases the surgical infections, but its indiscriminate use to favors the increment of infection rates and the bacterial resistance is much more probable in presence of antibiotics. The aim of present research was to evaluate the results of antibiotic prophylaxis in the otorhinolaryngology elective major surgery. A retrospective-descriptive research was made on the prophylactic use of antibiotics in this type of surgery in the Otorhinolaryngology Service of the Comandant Manuel Fajardo during 6 years (2001-2006). Sample included 661 patients and the following variables were studied: sex, age and therapeutic response criteria (satisfactory and non-satisfactory). According to the intervention complexity oral antibiotic or parenteral prophylaxis was administered carrying out a surgical hound site culture. There was a predominance of male sex (54,1 percent) and the 31 and 62 age group. The 41,90 percent of patients operated on required antibiotic prophylaxis. The was a 7,9 percent of surgical wound infections. The more frequent microorganisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter and Escherichia. In head and neck oncology surgeries infection average was high (42,3 percent). Torpid course was due to concurrence of infection risk factors. There were neither adverse events nor severe complications. In Otorhinolaryngology, antimicrobial prophylaxis works against a wide variety of microorganisms but not in the Oncology surgeries

Cirugía mayor ambulatoria en un grupo básico de trabajo / Ambulatory major surgery in a basic group of work

La Cirugía Mayor Ambulatoria se refiere a operaciones realizadas en pacientes sin admisión hospitalaria con retorno al hogar antes de las 24h, independientemente del tipo de anestesia empleada. Objetivo: conocer las características generales de la aplicación de la Cirugía Mayor Ambulatoria en el Hospital Provincial Clínico Quirúrgico Docente Amalia Simoni y estimular a que se aumente su empleo en pacientes que vivan alejados de la capital provincial. Método: se realizó estudio descriptivo longitudinal prospectivo en un grupo básico de trabajo del servicio de Cirugía General de este centro en el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2007 y agosto de 2008. La información se obtuvo de las microhistorias de los pacientes. Se procesó en microcomputadora IBM mediante el paquete estadístico MICROSTAT. Resultados: predominaron los pacientes del sexo masculino, los comprendidos entre treinta y treinta y nueve años de edad y los procedentes del municipio Camagüey. El mayor número egresó en las primeras cinco horas. Conclusiones: no se presentaron complicaciones transoperatorias, quirúrgicas o anestésicas. Se empleó con mayor frecuencia el método anestésico local. Predominó la hernia inguinal en el sexo masculino y la salpingectomía en las mujeres.

The ambulatory major surgery refers to operations carried out in patients without hospital admission returning home before 24h, independently of the type of anesthesia used. Objective: to know the general characteristics of the application of the ambulatory major surgery in the Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital “Amalia Simoni” and to stimulate their employment increases in patients that live far from the provincial capital. Method: a longitudinal prospective descriptive study in a basic group of work of the General Surgery service of this center was conducted from september 2007 to august 2008. The information was obtained of patients´clinical records. Data were processed in a microcomputer IBM by means of the statistical package MICROSTAT. Results: patients of the masculine sex predominated, those comprised between thirty and thirty nine years of age and the ones coming from Camagüey municipality prevailed. The biggest number discharged from hospital in the first five hours. Conclusions: they didn't show up transoperative, surgical or anesthetic complications. It was used with more frequency local anesthetic method. Inguinal hernia prevailed in the masculine sex and the salpingectomy in women.

Effects of Prolonged Major Surgery and Massive Transfusion on the Coagulation and Fibrinolysis System / 대한마취과학회지

The anesthesiologist is sometime presented with the problem of coagulation defects through the perioperative period. The possible causes of inappropriate hemostasis in this situation are numerous, and multiple mechanism may be simultaneously involved. Coagulation and fibrinolysis variables were measured in 15 patients who had undergone prolonged major surgery or received massive transfusion before and until 10 days after operation. Hemostactic surveys included platelet count, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin lll, and fibrin degraduation products. No patients had major hemorrhage, thrombosis, or disseminated intravascular coagulation, but laboratory findings suggest that a hypercoagulable state existed even 10 days postoperatively. The results were as follows: 1) Platelet counts decreased just after operation, but significantly increased to 154% of the control value 7 days after operation and 204% 10 days postoperatively. 2) Prothrombin time was significantly prolonged just after operation compared to the control value, but returned to normal in 4 days postoperatively. 3) Fibrinogen decreased just after operation, but significantly increased to 165% of the control value 4 days after operation, 178% 7days after operation and 191% 10 days postoperatively. 4) Activated partial thromboplastin time was not changed through the entire period. 5) Antithrombin lll was not changed through the entire period. 6) Fibrin degradation product was within normal ranges before operation, but in 11 cases it exceeded normal range from 1 to 10 days postoperatively.